transport logistics management.
needs and requirements transport systems may vary greatly depending on the type of industry. Appear as well, factors such as the relationship between product value and cost of transportation, geographic location, product obsolescence, etc., Making inevitable a careful selection of appropriate transport system.
Type and transport planning.
use the term "model" for identifying the means of conveyance. Thus we can distinguish between five basic types: rail, road, air, sea and river, and by pipeline.
1) Railroad
The main reason which uses the railway is its ability to transport large quantities over long distances and quickly. On the other hand, the fixed costs of transportation are high because of the large investments needed, inherent in any large infrastructure, such as the laying of lines, stations, machinery, cars, etc. This affects the justification for the existence and use of this type of transport in areas where there are logistical systems and networks involving transport center in large volumes or tonnages. It is by this that the main users of this medium is the extraction of raw materials industries, which require a high load capacity.
2) Road transport
The great advantage provided by road transport lies in the flexibility provided by the delivery door to door, and that no other media offers. This transport has a low fixed cost structure, because their hardware is the public road network, overall costs and highly variable which are adapted to handling small consignments over short distances.
The gradual saturation of road networks in developed countries, and environmental problems associated with it, take in the future to a restriction of this type of transportation.
3) Air Transport
The air environment is undoubtedly the fastest for long distances, but is the least used because variable costs are very high, including the maintenance of equipment, fuel, pilots and flight attendants, etc.. However, fixed costs are not high compared with those of rail, sea or ducts, as well as the terminals themselves aereoportuarios airways are maintained by public funds.
transport by air may be the only practical method for logistics operations with limited life products, such as fresh fish and seasonal fashion.
4) Historically
Shipping has been the most used for bulk transport over long distances.
is currently a low cost, ideal for long trips with large volumes (chemicals, cement, cereals), although limited by the necessary proximity of the source and destination of the goods to or inland waterways and for its slowness. Similarly, fixed costs are lower than in case of rail will, but higher than in other land transport.
5) transport by pipeline
The products most often are transported by this means oil and natural gas. The fixed costs associated with this mode from Construction of the distribution network, consisting of their own pipes and pumping stations, and are even higher than the railroads. However, the system with lower operating costs and ability to work 24 hours a day.
0 comments:
Post a Comment