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Almost all earthquakes that occur in Chile bring a tsunami, even we have had in Valparaiso.

According to experts, the Chilean coast is the most productive per kilometer tsunamis globally, more than Japan.

This surprising finding may clash with the memory of the other city where there were earthquakes experienced or lived a way out of the sea. However, there was tsunami. Many of them have actually reached as an imperceptible movement of tides after the earthquake, but reaching arrived.

This data on earthquakes with tsunami comes from the website of the Institute of Seismology from The University of Chile, can be seen in the table the presence of these events in the almost total lack of national earthquakes. See it here and click on ...>>

earthquakes has been a total surprise. While we all know we live in an earthquake zone, culture tsunami, really do not have. Proof of this is the full horror of the public with the latest tsunami alarms in the city. Mythology makes people wait a great wave type of Hollywood movie and everyone runs to the hills with no idea how high it will be safe. Panic is the worst enemy in an emergency situation, so it is better to go to report on this subject.

What is a tsunami?

a tsunami (TSU Japanese: port or bay, NAMI: wave) is a body of water that becomes a wave or series of waves on his arrival at the coast and is caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, marine, coastal landslides , falling meteorites, etc.. That is, any event that occurs at sea that causes the displacement of water masses. See full definition in the following link Here ...>> More

thereon in the following link interesting article here ...>>

The truth is that understanding how the phenomenon is not complicated. Just carefully read the information on links to get a fair idea of \u200b\u200bthe whole process. The following visual aid to help complete the concept.

A little more complex to summarize the different variables of a tsunami "attacking" our shores, as the phenomenon and its development depends on several factors . However, understand the basics will help us greatly when such an emergency.

Most of the tsunamis that we had on our shores have been triggered by earthquakes. However, for a tsunami can acquire characteristics of "Destroyer" the earthquake that generated must be large (8 Richter) to Giant (about 9 Richter). They say if you live on the coast and an earthquake it bounces on the ground, should be sufficient to take the precaution of moving to a higher sector.

tsunami arrival time:

If the event is raised that is generated across the Pacific as a mega earthquake in Japan, the mass of water may take several hours to reach the coast.
If the event is caused by local earthquake in the depths of our coasts, where tectonic plates meet, the arrival time should average 10 to 15 minutes. A tsunami travels at a speed of 700 km. per hour in deep water and slows down in shallower water.

Depth of sea:

The great mass of water moves landward. The sea depth in the phenomenon will be almost imperceptible to a ship, but on reaching shallower water this water mass would rise, potentially leading to a spate of destructive waves. This occurs because larger the mass of water is usually considerable, approximately 10 km long back. In simple terms, is a large amount of water that moves in the direction of the coast, so the phenomenon is perceived output endless sea, as if it had been filled overflowing its limit.

In the particular case of Valparaiso, the bay is a deep and rugged coastline. For reference, one can conclude that the tip of the breakwater is about 70 meters deep and where the ships dock repair is about 40 meters deep. While this works in our favor, we must remember that too much water is traveling and currents could help out at sea (tsunami). It may be less harmful or aggressive, but just the immediate coastal area, docks, streets nearby, etc. be affected by the phenomenon.

Location:

Valparaíso Bay facing north. To the extent that we're moving to Viña del Mar, Caleta Portales Almendral and sector, we gradually looking west toward the ocean. In simple words, from Valparaiso, the ocean is behind the top of the hill Playa Ancha.

If the event generated by the tsunami is a local earthquake in front of our costs, cause the phenomenon directly from the west to our shores. Our geographical position event protects us and hit hard at Laguna Verde. However, the closer we Viña del Mar, the more we move away from this natural protection. This means that the impact will be felt more in the area in the neighborhood Almendral Port.
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If the phenomenon is a major earthquake in the north, water bodies would come directly to the bay of Valparaíso. The tsunami hit the front and in full from the port to the Almendral barrio. This scenario is definitely more worrisome, because we tend to think of a great flood and destruction and the latest events in the south do more to prove that thesis.

However, it is necessary to understand our urban settings to view in advance how would this flood. To achieve this we must look to the historical chronicles of the city looking for a destructive tsunami characteristics.

anyone remember or know when was the last earthquake with devastating tsunami in Valparaiso??

Although historical accounts recorded an earthquake out at sea (tsunami) in 1822, we have an earlier one in 1730, with characteristics similar to the recent event that occurred in the south, only off our coasts. A major earthquake on 8 Richter triggered a tsunami that must have come from the west, the ocean.

If we drew the coast at that time, correspond to the original coast of Valparaiso, rather nearer the hills than it is now. This would go for Prat Serrano street, a large rock dividing the old Valparaíso Almendral the exact location of the newspaper El Mercurio, Condell Salvador Donoso connecting Chacabuco, gradually lowering Yungay and Brazil in the rocks of Baron sector. There would be no buildings, no concrete floor. Av Argentina would not only see there a stream known as the "De las Delicias.

In this area, it is stated that in that tsunami would have reached the sea in the area of \u200b\u200bAlmendral to what today is the rise of Santos Ossa and Colon. In the port sector have come to the Church of the Matrix. This means that the port sector had suffered only a little way out at sea for being more protected, leaving much more in the field of Almendral, confirming the thesis of the most flooded the city depending on where it comes from the tsunami.

I wonder what today with a much wider center and away from the hills. With the same breakwater breakwater originally designed as, creating the laying of shelter. With all the buildings downtown. With Argentina Avenue, a plaque built about 3 feet high from the original height of the terrain. I imagine a flood, yes, but not a very extensive and not as deep.

Studies and simulations have been conducted on the basis of a 8.5 Richter seismic event level to identify possible areas of flooding, have revealed that it would Viña del Mar to the sector and the Sporting Club in Viña del estero Jumbo sea to supermarket. In the case of rebirth, the flood would reach to the stadium and Valparaiso English again until Columbus.

Tsunami is recommended for the security dimension is over 30 meters high. It is also good vertical evacuation in buildings that have withstood the quake, which one can climb up on the sixth floor.

As in our culture earthquakes and seismic ( see my previous article), I think we have to internalize the idea in people. There is understandable that we are a world power in recent tsunamis and we're finding out. Managing information at the local, not general technical level, but to the daily, answering the simple concerns of people in flood-prone places, how high is safer to be, where it's come, how far come, etc.. can greatly help in designing evacuation plans for the city.

pdf On one level floodplain of Valparaiso on the following link of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Institute of the Navy of Chile. See it here ...>>

These plans should be updated and be made public. There should be signage in the city, the areas most at risk of flooding and escape routes, should be included these subjects in the curriculum and emergency protocols in public buildings and businesses. We must remember always, not just after a great earthquake with danger of tsunami.

So the next warning, people would not terrified generating accidents as occurred in one of the alarms we had in the days after the quake.

Education saves because it helps us manage basic emergency information, easy to transfer information and easy to pass it as is, now we need to internalize as a natural thing and well aware that we are moving the earth ...

... we can leave the sea. Leo Silva