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Almost all earthquakes that occur in Chile bring a tsunami, even we have had in Valparaiso.

According to experts, the Chilean coast is the most productive per kilometer tsunamis globally, more than Japan.

This surprising finding may clash with the memory of the other city where there were earthquakes experienced or lived a way out of the sea. However, there was tsunami. Many of them have actually reached as an imperceptible movement of tides after the earthquake, but reaching arrived.

This data on earthquakes with tsunami comes from the website of the Institute of Seismology from The University of Chile, can be seen in the table the presence of these events in the almost total lack of national earthquakes. See it here and click on ...>>

earthquakes has been a total surprise. While we all know we live in an earthquake zone, culture tsunami, really do not have. Proof of this is the full horror of the public with the latest tsunami alarms in the city. Mythology makes people wait a great wave type of Hollywood movie and everyone runs to the hills with no idea how high it will be safe. Panic is the worst enemy in an emergency situation, so it is better to go to report on this subject.

What is a tsunami?

a tsunami (TSU Japanese: port or bay, NAMI: wave) is a body of water that becomes a wave or series of waves on his arrival at the coast and is caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, marine, coastal landslides , falling meteorites, etc.. That is, any event that occurs at sea that causes the displacement of water masses. See full definition in the following link Here ...>> More

thereon in the following link interesting article here ...>>

The truth is that understanding how the phenomenon is not complicated. Just carefully read the information on links to get a fair idea of \u200b\u200bthe whole process. The following visual aid to help complete the concept.

A little more complex to summarize the different variables of a tsunami "attacking" our shores, as the phenomenon and its development depends on several factors . However, understand the basics will help us greatly when such an emergency.

Most of the tsunamis that we had on our shores have been triggered by earthquakes. However, for a tsunami can acquire characteristics of "Destroyer" the earthquake that generated must be large (8 Richter) to Giant (about 9 Richter). They say if you live on the coast and an earthquake it bounces on the ground, should be sufficient to take the precaution of moving to a higher sector.

tsunami arrival time:

If the event is raised that is generated across the Pacific as a mega earthquake in Japan, the mass of water may take several hours to reach the coast.
If the event is caused by local earthquake in the depths of our coasts, where tectonic plates meet, the arrival time should average 10 to 15 minutes. A tsunami travels at a speed of 700 km. per hour in deep water and slows down in shallower water.

Depth of sea:

The great mass of water moves landward. The sea depth in the phenomenon will be almost imperceptible to a ship, but on reaching shallower water this water mass would rise, potentially leading to a spate of destructive waves. This occurs because larger the mass of water is usually considerable, approximately 10 km long back. In simple terms, is a large amount of water that moves in the direction of the coast, so the phenomenon is perceived output endless sea, as if it had been filled overflowing its limit.

In the particular case of Valparaiso, the bay is a deep and rugged coastline. For reference, one can conclude that the tip of the breakwater is about 70 meters deep and where the ships dock repair is about 40 meters deep. While this works in our favor, we must remember that too much water is traveling and currents could help out at sea (tsunami). It may be less harmful or aggressive, but just the immediate coastal area, docks, streets nearby, etc. be affected by the phenomenon.

Location:

Valparaíso Bay facing north. To the extent that we're moving to Viña del Mar, Caleta Portales Almendral and sector, we gradually looking west toward the ocean. In simple words, from Valparaiso, the ocean is behind the top of the hill Playa Ancha.

If the event generated by the tsunami is a local earthquake in front of our costs, cause the phenomenon directly from the west to our shores. Our geographical position event protects us and hit hard at Laguna Verde. However, the closer we Viña del Mar, the more we move away from this natural protection. This means that the impact will be felt more in the area in the neighborhood Almendral Port.
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If the phenomenon is a major earthquake in the north, water bodies would come directly to the bay of Valparaíso. The tsunami hit the front and in full from the port to the Almendral barrio. This scenario is definitely more worrisome, because we tend to think of a great flood and destruction and the latest events in the south do more to prove that thesis.

However, it is necessary to understand our urban settings to view in advance how would this flood. To achieve this we must look to the historical chronicles of the city looking for a destructive tsunami characteristics.

anyone remember or know when was the last earthquake with devastating tsunami in Valparaiso??

Although historical accounts recorded an earthquake out at sea (tsunami) in 1822, we have an earlier one in 1730, with characteristics similar to the recent event that occurred in the south, only off our coasts. A major earthquake on 8 Richter triggered a tsunami that must have come from the west, the ocean.

If we drew the coast at that time, correspond to the original coast of Valparaiso, rather nearer the hills than it is now. This would go for Prat Serrano street, a large rock dividing the old Valparaíso Almendral the exact location of the newspaper El Mercurio, Condell Salvador Donoso connecting Chacabuco, gradually lowering Yungay and Brazil in the rocks of Baron sector. There would be no buildings, no concrete floor. Av Argentina would not only see there a stream known as the "De las Delicias.

In this area, it is stated that in that tsunami would have reached the sea in the area of \u200b\u200bAlmendral to what today is the rise of Santos Ossa and Colon. In the port sector have come to the Church of the Matrix. This means that the port sector had suffered only a little way out at sea for being more protected, leaving much more in the field of Almendral, confirming the thesis of the most flooded the city depending on where it comes from the tsunami.

I wonder what today with a much wider center and away from the hills. With the same breakwater breakwater originally designed as, creating the laying of shelter. With all the buildings downtown. With Argentina Avenue, a plaque built about 3 feet high from the original height of the terrain. I imagine a flood, yes, but not a very extensive and not as deep.

Studies and simulations have been conducted on the basis of a 8.5 Richter seismic event level to identify possible areas of flooding, have revealed that it would Viña del Mar to the sector and the Sporting Club in Viña del estero Jumbo sea to supermarket. In the case of rebirth, the flood would reach to the stadium and Valparaiso English again until Columbus.

Tsunami is recommended for the security dimension is over 30 meters high. It is also good vertical evacuation in buildings that have withstood the quake, which one can climb up on the sixth floor.

As in our culture earthquakes and seismic ( see my previous article), I think we have to internalize the idea in people. There is understandable that we are a world power in recent tsunamis and we're finding out. Managing information at the local, not general technical level, but to the daily, answering the simple concerns of people in flood-prone places, how high is safer to be, where it's come, how far come, etc.. can greatly help in designing evacuation plans for the city.

pdf On one level floodplain of Valparaiso on the following link of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Institute of the Navy of Chile. See it here ...>>

These plans should be updated and be made public. There should be signage in the city, the areas most at risk of flooding and escape routes, should be included these subjects in the curriculum and emergency protocols in public buildings and businesses. We must remember always, not just after a great earthquake with danger of tsunami.

So the next warning, people would not terrified generating accidents as occurred in one of the alarms we had in the days after the quake.

Education saves because it helps us manage basic emergency information, easy to transfer information and easy to pass it as is, now we need to internalize as a natural thing and well aware that we are moving the earth ...

... we can leave the sea. Leo Silva

How Can Hav Pokemon Toys

Tsunami Earthquake!! Valparaiso

Since I was born my life has been connected to these seismic events. In fact, I literally received one. On March 28, 1965, Sunday, took place the great earthquake of that year. I had only two days old and my family was visiting in the maternity hospital Enrique Deformes (which now houses the National Congress building) when he fell relentlessly in this earthquake. My brother was just 14 years that he managed to get me and ran me into the arms between pieces of debris that rained down everywhere. Of course realize that my brother is my personal hero.

Along with this welcome and shake the past and most recently last five, 1971, 1973 (quasi-earthquake shaking), 1985 in Mendoza, Argentina. The same year in March, one famous for three minutes I missed because I was not in the country. Now that I think, five earthquakes is a fairly large number. However, if you ask most locals for over 35 years, everyone will tell you they have a similar number of earthquakes in the skin. Being

Chilean and have experienced some of these experiences seismic is a condition sine qua non , especially if you're in Buenos Aires, because we have suffered great and famous earthquakes. The strange thing is that there is not adequate information and good education about it, the locals are very ignorant and do not yet understand how to move our amphitheater of hills and plan.

seismic With my own history is obvious that I felt particularly drawn to the subject. A bit of fun and mostly because a lot of information needed to understand these events and to overcome the fear that I produced a child. Do not remember my birth in a conscious, but it sure made my nerves recorded the semi traumatically temblorcito making the child put me pale.

No way around it. We had the bad fortune to live in a coastal country that has itself just off the junction of two intercontinental plates: Nazca and continental. Nazca continental push towards getting at the point of earthquakes beneath it. Push and goes and makes the other twist in a clash of giants, in a struggle every day of every hour of every minute and the pressure is gathering and collecting, until one day a chunk gives way and we are left with heart in hand, trembling and uncertain security sitting in the living room of our house lit by lantern cracks in the walls of both the home and in our own resilience and security. That if we have the luck of getting the house together. Any technical or scientific explanation falls to the simplicity of your grandfather when I explained the seismic event: the earth settles, mijito, so moving.

Ok. Tatita. Then as it accommodates and thus moves (there's the problem, just moving) try to understand how it does in Valparaiso to add information to spend our data and experience and to begin to understand. I think passing the information can help everyone understand better where you live, and be clear that sooner or later it will move the soil, but will move differently depending on where you live in the city.

is not the same living on the hill that live in the plan, and on shaking this is law. The hills are mostly hard rock, their movement is mostly dry and hard vertical rather than horizontal movement. Great part of the city's architectural heritage is just in the hills. Saint Paul Anglican Church dates from 1858, which means it has resisted even the famous earthquake of 1906, mentioned by the Chronicle as a "two in one", only the second case it lasted two minutes. Obviously, the slopes should be considered, in some cases slip. However, for a city that is hanging this does not happen as often as you might expect. Just look at the amount of slender stilt houses that defy vertigo and the seismic history of the city, to realize that many have resisted incredibly, at least its good pair of earthquakes. It does not mean you have to rely only means that earthquakes on the hills are much more confident that the lower part of the city.

plan or center is the problem. Although only 10% of city dwellers living in the bottom, we have all the commercial activity concentrated at that point, and an important heritage assets. Of course, the name that people know his heart "The Plan" is closely related to our culture seismic. Many believe that the center is named that way because it is the flat, but the truth is to be the "Plan for Reconstruction of Valparaiso, ordered by President Pedro Montt after the earthquake of 1906. Valparaiso considering an important place and the destruction of the most expensive neighborhood in the city, known as the neighborhood of Almendral, ordered the local plan and adopted it as the name for the flat part also of the city.

sandy soil, fill, largely reclaimed from the sea is not the best place for buildings to withstand an earthquake. Technically, the phenomenon that occurs in the soil is known as liquefaction. This means that in an earthquake all this filling sand stirred become as inconsistent as water. Take a pan, fill it with sand and shake. See how sand jumping and moves without any consistency. Once the tremor, the ground is getting a new consistency rearranged. This means that while shaking in the plan, under our buildings and streets have something vibrating acuosamente that causes suffering to our buildings. The movement is seen mostly in the city center is a horizontal wave.

liquefaction Sample (Material: Arena)

I remember very well the interesting National Geographic documentary on earthquakes in the Chilean coast. I remember at the time caused quite a stir in the simulation a major earthquake in the city. The mayor at the time even accused to sue the important and famous chain, without taking into account the important information that was delivered there. Had served to the subject of debate and social education, for which there was expressed very well help you understand what the real constant danger of earthquakes in the area.

It is time to re-take a look at education. Not in terms of drills, but total plan. If we live in an earthquake, we should be most experts in the field. All of us. Receive quality information from our early childhood. Theoretical, technical and practical. In a simple way provided by the fact that they are suffering but constant earthquakes tremors. It is a subject almost daily and would greatly help us manage to overcome the terror and panic and prevent major disasters caused by the mythology that exists in this regard.

Regarding earthquakes always be prepared and ready should be our slogan. Since we live here and we love living here must understand our own soil, from time to time, and fits ... ... moves



(will appreciate the technical and theoretical in the comments of some readers understood on the subject)

Leo Silva

Port Royale 2 Language

Carnavalesco

I have always enjoyed Valparaíso Cultural Carnival. Since its inception. Although it was an official activity, not something born in the city itself or its people, I've always really liked and I have not lost any.

Also, I had always wondered where that amount came from people who participated, moving, acting. I mean common people of the city, apart from the artists who appeared suddenly acting or dancing in the parade. Simply lovely and auspicious. In particular the number of young people involved and citizen participation achieved.

But how did it happen?? Where he enrolled or where people received the invitation to participate??

Months before the carnival I saw a small poster where invited to join the various parades of parades, but I found very few and very small and I do not really stopped to read them. Shortly after my daughter would receive the invitation to join in a completely casual encounter with a friend and the invitation. Joining her

we begin to find out about the organization. Valparaiso divided into sectors and disciplines such as dance, dance theater and theater. Each group will begin training in various activities related to street carnival. If you do not want to be a dancer can learn to be makeup or costume or make structures and cars and music. Managers and monitors many guys who have experience starting to teach others. Merging different social classes, dynamic body language, discussion of the concept. A big surprise.

Watch a video of the moments before the parade

was a tremendous experience. All groups operating in the same way and all groups were composed of very young people who are changing face to the work of the carnival, especially for identity that begins to appear strong. The use of boxes of apples to dance, music, diving in Buenos Aires culture and Chilean roots.

When everything is even more a surprise for the participants certificates specifying the number of hours of preparation and work in the global study, document issued by the National Cultural Council and signed by the Minister of the portfolio.

I wonder, Why do all these activities and how they have been under development have not been publicized more?? Why no more posters and more information on the street for people to join?? They can go everyone, not only young people can also go all sorts of people, the whole family and participate in an activity together, you just have to commit to attending rehearsals and not to fail the day of presentation.

True Cultural Carnival is also a party issue and present a paradigm. While there are people involved and prepared to rehearse with great discipline, most of the public attending is out of context, especially on the biggest stages arranged in the streets. The presentations are quite good, but the mass does not work in a cultural festival, will have fun in the mega activities but alcohol consumption and use of the streets to urinate quite shocking and insurance is a point to solve. If you do not learn self-control is a shame because they're going to put a lot of police presence and prohibitions far tougher and shut the liquor store and control the sale of beer and drinks on the street. It's a shame, but what is gained when you behave irresponsibly. Not in Rio de Janeiro mean both on the streets. There are also many more restrooms prepared everywhere.

Watch a video of the parade in action.

Yet the celebration of the carnival will be positioned and growing. We empower the city that charming bohemian and artistic, but still a very local party and was intended to attract tourists. Is becoming necessary to extend the information to other places to attract more audience. There are many people in Santiago and Viña del Mar has good information. I want to see or know that there is enough information on activities in Patagonia and San Pedro de Atacama. That would ensure a flow of interesting tourist passengers would stay, eat and undertake activities in the city. A good hook to attract resources to Valparaiso. If the effect has not been as expected since no fault of the party, it is because of misinformation and little policy aggressive to attract tourists. Of course that information should be in the places where our target audience is.

Personally I really enjoy this great party and all related activities are really interesting and photo exhibitions, art, theater, lectures, etc. The production is done, people are already involved. Just need some details and really refine further promote this event.

I'm waiting for the next carnival. Leo Silva